Basic Pneumatic System Components3/17/2021
By continuing on this site you are agreeing to the use of cookies.A pneumatic system refers to any static installation that operates using a compressed gas either air extracted from the environment or an inert gas.These are distinct from hydraulic systems, which use compressed fluid in liquid form, although the two installations may overlap in function.The following basic components form part of every pneumatic system.
Those that use piston rods are divided into single acting and double acting cylinders. ![]() ![]() Also known as linear drives, rodless cylinders can be mechanically operated through compressed air, or magnetically powered. Before the air reaches this valve it is channelled through a treatment system that composes the following parts. This will change as it progresses through the treatment system. There are several types of compressor, which operate under the principle of either positive displacement or dynamic displacement. These are used in sterile environments where contaminants from lubricating oil or piston surfaces may affect food, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. Useful when low to medium volumes of extremely compressed air are required. These compressors provide a continuous flow of compressed air, rather than the pulsating current characteristic of piston and diaphragm compressors. Basic Pneumatic System Components Plus Heat FromCooling units use a counter flow of air or water to extract and remove surplus heat from the compressed air. Dryers may use heat to drive off volatile components from the compressed gas, or chemical absorption (e.g. ![]() The large internal surface area of the receiver tank further helps to dissipate excess heat while maintaining the required pressure. Compressed air is fed into the control valve by an exit pipe linked to a shut-off valve. As the pressure drops in the receiver tank the change is detected by pressure sensors at the inlet valve, which opens to refresh the tank. The control valve, or regulator, feeds the gas into the actuator to control its speed and movements. Movement is achieved through motor displacement, so the purpose of the control valve is to moderate the flow rate and pump volume as the compressed air leaves the receiver tank. Basic Pneumatic System Components Series Of StopThis is achieved through a series of stop valves, controlled by flow transducers, proximity sensors and pressure gauges. Failure at any stage of the system can affect the operational productivity of the whole, leading to reduced efficiency and downtime. To find out more about efficient design and maintenance for pneumatic systems, please download our free guide: How To Minimise Downtime With Pneumatic Plant Machinery by clicking here.
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